En este artículo proponemos reflexionar en torno a una cuestión que ocupa un lugar central en la práctica educativa, política y evangelizadora, a saber, el problema de la paz. Asunto que toma especial relevancia, sobre todo si se tiene en cuenta el momento coyuntural por el que atraviesa Colombia y en general la sociedad contemporánea. La tesis que sostiene el artículo es que la ausencia de la guerra no supone necesariamente la consecución de la paz, pues ella conlleva a una (...) suerte de condiciones de aceptación de un ethos que naturaliza prácticas bélicas que dividen, atomizan la sociedad creando un sentido de desesperanza y de despolitización. Proponemos que, para afrontar esta situación, es decir, para desnaturalizar dicho ethos hace falta una dimensión espiritual que permita el establecimiento de fuertes lazos sociales y del reconocimiento de las diferencias, la particularidad e individualidad. Para desarrollar esta labor proponemos, entonces, un diálogo a partir de los presupuestos de la espiritualidad y el pensamiento franciscano, especialmente desde los conceptos de fraternidad y de minoridad con la cuestión en mención. Con esto entendemos que el marco de comprensión que nos brindan los presupuestos franciscanos cuenta con un potencial relevante para contribuir al debate sobre de la paz en tiempos actuales del posconflicto colombiano. (shrink)

En este documento presentamos el resultado de una investigación documental que permitió la contextualización cognitiva de la interactividad soportada en la teoría de la actividad como una perspectiva holística de la actividad humana.Contextualizar cognitivamente la interactividad busca brindar fundamentos de diseño de Objetos Interventivos de Aprendizaje-OIA- desde los procesos cognitivos de la taxonomía de Marzano y Kendall, analizando las estructuras categoriales de un diseño interactivo y los componentes que intervienen en los procesos mentales que generan aprendizaje durante la interactividad: la (...) activación de la memoria y la transformación de la información captada durante el proceso interventivo durante la interactividad. (shrink)

The presence of ibuprofen in wastewater is a topic of global interest, and the mechanisms and behavior of its correlation with its elimination in ecological systems, such as constructed wetlands, is a little known topic. The objective of this study was to perform a correlational analysis of the behavior of the emerging contaminant ibuprofen in a horizontally constructed wetland in a tropical climate planted with the ornamental plant Spathiphyllum blandum. 10 experimental units were used at the mesocosm level of 20 (...) L, 5 planted with Spathiphyllum B., and 5 without plants. The elimination of ibuprofen was measured and the correlation was analyzed using computational methods and neural networks. Spathiphyllum blandum was used in this study. The removal of ibuprofen in HC was significantly improved by up to 23% compared with that in non-planted systems. Based on the prediction obtained from ibuprofen in the effluent, it can be concluded that it has an exponential decay behavior tending to zero, and the model obtained explains in an acceptable way the relationship between the height of the plant and the concentration of ibuprofen in the effluent, reaffirming that this relationship is inverse. Further studies should be conducted to understand the behavior of these compounds in relation to different species of tropical plants. (shrink)

This case study evaluated the efficacy of semi-occluded vocal tract (SVT) therapy as a speech intervention for functional dysphonia in a 53-year-old patient. Laryngoscopic examination revealed mild erythema and mucosal irregularity in the posterior third, edema, slight interarytenoid erythema, and phonatory hiatus in the posterior third of the posterior wall. Vocal assessments were conducted before and after rehabilitation, focusing on the perceptual, acoustic, and aerodynamic aspects. The treatment plan incorporated sustained, oscillatory, and transient occlusions over 10 sessions. The results showed (...) enhanced voice timbre quality and normalization of the fundamental frequency appropriate for the patient's age and sex. The jitter, shimmer, and harmonic noise disturbances decreased, indicating improved wave stability and harmonic structure definition. The maximum expiratory and phonatory times, along with the s/z ratio, increased, leading to improved vocal efficiency. Additionally, the vocal risk indicator decreased, articulatory stability improved, and energy utilization became more efficient, resulting in more stable formants. The study concluded that SVT exercises produce positive vocal changes, suggesting that techniques aimed at modifying the vocal tract are effective for speech therapy rehabilitation in patients with functional dysphonia. (shrink)

This study focuses on a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with a pragmatic disorder caused by Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Following an initial evaluation, a pragmatic rehabilitation program was implemented using a combined approach in 15 therapeutic sessions over a 4-month period. The program consisted of structured formats organized into modules to train the verbal, paralinguistic, and nonverbal aspects of communication. The results of the re-evaluation demonstrated the program’s effectiveness, with improvements in communicative intention, proxemic skills, prosodic variations, physical contact with the (...) interlocutor, and verbal fluency in oral messages. Consequently, the implementation of the intervention program significantly enhanced the patients’ pragmatic communication skills in therapeutic, familial, and social contexts. (shrink)

The Internet of Things (IoT) applied to intelligent transport systems has become a key element for understanding the way traffic flow behaves in cities, which helps in decision-making to improve the management of the transport system by monitoring and analyzing network traffic in real time, all with the aim of daily benefiting users of the city’s road infrastructure. Traffic volume estimation in real time, with high effectiveness, may help mobility management and improve traffic flow. Moreover, machine-learning algorithms have shown effectiveness (...) in various scientific fields and have provided a significant platform for achieving intelligent applications. Therefore, we applied various machine learning algorithms to classify the vehicular traffic status in the traffic network of two cities with more than 2 million inhabitants. It was first necessary to establish, from the attributes provided by the datasets, the object class from the LOS (Level of Services) thresholds proposed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, for the basic segments of highways in an urban area. We then selected the attributes of interest using the Recursive Feature Elimination Method (RFE) to reduce the dimensionality of the data, and applied the DT, RF, ET, KNN, and MLP algorithms to train and classify the level of vehicular congestion, defining various volumes of training and validation data. The results show the high effectiveness of the algorithms, highlighting the MLP algorithm as the one that provides the highest effectiveness on average for the evaluated datasets, with a mean precision of 99.5%. (shrink)

In this paper, we outline a comprehensive approach to composed analogies based on the theory of conceptual spaces. Our algorithmic model understands analogy as a search procedure and builds upon the idea that analogical similarity depends on a conceptual phenomena called ‘dimensional salience.’ We distinguish between category-based, property-based, event-based, and part-whole analogies, and propose computationally-oriented methods for explicating them in terms of conceptual spaces.

In the first year of the twentieth century, in Gottingen, Husserl delivered two talks dealing with a problem that proved central in his philosophical development, that of imaginary elements in mathematics. In order to solve this problem Husserl introduced a logical notion, called “definiteness”, and variants of it, that are somehow related, he claimed, to Hilbert’s notions of completeness. Many different interpretations of what precisely Husserl meant by this notion, and its relations with Hilbert’s ones, have been proposed, but no (...) consensus has been reached. In this paper I approach this question afresh and thoroughly, taking into consideration not only the relevant texts and context, as others have also done before, but, more importantly, Husserl’s philosophy, his intuition-based epistemology in particular. Based on a system of clearly defined concepts that I here present, I reinforce an interpretation—definiteness as a form of syntactic completeness—that has, I believe, some advantages vis-à-vis alternative interpretations. It is in conformity with the available texts; it makes clear that Husserl’s notion of definiteness is indeed close to Hilbert’s notions of completeness; it solves the important problem of imaginaries for which it was created; and last, but not least, it fits naturally into Husserl’s system of concepts and ideas. (shrink)

In Gärdenfors and Makinson :197–245, 1994) and Gärdenfors it was shown that it is possible to model nonmonotonic inference using a classical consequence relation plus an expectation-based ordering of formulas. In this article, we argue that this framework can be significantly enriched by adopting a conceptual spaces-based analysis of the role of expectations in reasoning. In particular, we show that this can solve various epistemological issues that surround nonmonotonic and default logics. We propose some formal criteria for constructing and updating (...) expectation orderings based on conceptual spaces, and we explain how to apply them to nonmonotonic reasoning about objects and properties. (shrink)

Durkheim's underdeveloped notion of fatalism is the keystone for a bridge between two conceptual categories central to Marxian and Durkheimian theory: alienation and anomie. Durkheim does not necessarily disagree with Marx that excessive regulation can be socially damaging but chooses to highlight the effects of under- regulation. A Durkheimian critique of overregulation becomes possible if we turn away from anomie and toward Durkheim's idea of fatalism-a concept that I will argue here is unexpectedly consistent with Marx's notion of alienation. We (...) can infer that Durkheim presents us with a notion of an "optimal" human condition that exists between anomie and fatalism. The structure of modern societies, it will be argued, is characterized not just by excessive control leading to alienation or by a lack of integrative restraint leading to anomie but also by active efforts to optimally regulate social life. (shrink)

Category-based induction is an inferential mechanism that uses knowledge of conceptual relations in order to estimate how likely is for a property to be projected from one category to another. During the last decades, psychologists have identified several features of this mechanism, and they have proposed different formal models of it. In this article; we propose a new mathematical model for category-based induction based on distances on conceptual spaces. We show how this model can predict most of the properties of (...) this kind of reasoning while providing a solid theoretical foundation for it. We also show that it subsumes some of the previous models proposed in the literature and that it generates new predictions. (shrink)

A través del presente ejercicio investigativo y hermenéutico se busca proponer la beneficencia como principio articulador entre la Teología Moral de la Persona, la Bioética y las Prácticas Biomédicas, con el fin de salvaguardar al ser humano de forma integral y desde el ámbito interdisciplinar, frente a la manipulación y menoscabo de la persona en su: dignidad, status antropológico, verdad ontológica y trascendente, lo cual nos lleva a proponer alternativas, dadas las nuevas circunstancias por las que atraviesa la humanidad; y (...) es aquí donde adquiere resonancia proponer la Beneficencia como principio articulador entre estas tres ciencias, dado que ella, como principio, está en los tres saberes de forma implícita y explícita y, las cuales, por su misma esencia, tienen puntos de convergencia como son: la determinación de su carácter moral, su estatuto de servicio, la salvaguarda de la riqueza de la vida, el reconocimiento y respeto por la dignidad humana, el reconocimiento de la multidimensionalidad del ser, y el cuidado que requiere toda persona humana en su fragilidad y vulnerabilidad. Además de lo anterior se cuenta con un abordaje teórico sobre la bioética como saber interdisciplinar; los principios de la bioética y la relación de la teología moral de la persona con la bioética. El presente ejercicio investigativo fue llevado a cabo en un lapso de dos años. (shrink)

Jairo Moreno adapts the methodologies and nomenclature of Foucault’s "archaeology of knowledge" and applies it through individual case studies to the theoretical writings of Zarlino, Descartes, Rameau, and Weber. His conclusion summarizes the conditions—musical, philosophical, and historical—that "make a certain form of thought about music necessary and possible at the time it emerges." Musical Meaning and Interpretation—Robert S. Hatten, editor.

The question of the status-onto-epistemological-the art is plausible to apply it to any context and cultural domain? Some authors argue that yes without any remorse, address this position in this note: [1] makes a briefly is a bibliographic description of the debates on this problematic, [2] raises the issue of the status of art, within the framework supported by Belting and Lessing, and [3] in correspondence with the above, indicated summarily the difficulties and considerations to take into account when attempting (...) to apply licentiously this approach to what we consider is not "Western art", exempli gratia, the Islamic. (shrink)

In this paper I discuss the version of predicative analysis put forward by Hermann Weyl in "Das Kontinuum". I try to establish how much of the underlying motivation for Weyl's position may be due to his acceptance of a phenomenological philosophical perspective. More specifically, I analyze Weyl's philosophical ideas in connexion with the work of Husserl, in particular "Logische Untersuchungen" and "Ideen I". I believe that this interpretation of Weyl can clarify the views on mathematical existence and mathematical intuition which (...) are implicit in "Das Kontinuum". (shrink)

El presente artículo se propone hacer un rastreo a través de un corpus epistolar del siglo XVI, con el fin de obtener algunos datos lingüísticos acerca de las variedades árabes que se hablaban en esa época en la parte occidental de Marruecos. Asimismo, este estudio trata de arrojar luz acerca del desarrollo histórico de varios rasgos dialectales, los cuales pueden ayudarnos a comprender mejor la evolución de los dialectos árabes en Marruecos y en el Magreb. Nuestro estudio se basa en (...) el análisis lingüístico de algunas de las cartas luso-marroquíes que se conservan en el Archivo Nacional de la Torre do Tombo (Lisboa). (shrink)

En el presente trabajo de investigación se busca examinar la recepción de la obra foucaultiana en dos pensadores paraguayos, Benjamin Arditi y Gilberto Giménez. Para tal propósito se realiza un análisis de las problemáticas socioculturales e históricas que motivaron el acercamiento al pensador francés, como también, los usos de ciertas categorías para una ampliación reflexiva en las disciplinas de ambos autores, partiendo de textos publicados en la última parte del siglo XX.

Para este ensayo es necesario introducir un concepto que se denominará premisas de la conversación, teniendo en cuenta el planteamiento de los teóricos de la argumentación en su propuesta de premisas de la argumentación. Dichas premisas son tomadas de algunos estudiosos del lenguaje que han observado qué estructuras, normas y ceremonias se perfilan para que se dé la conversación. No basta, como sugieren los teóricos de la nueva retórica, con hablar un idioma para desarrollar una conversación, pues, se requiere de (...) mucho más, y esto es, de normas y estructuras que subyacen en ella misma; y agregan, nadie lo sabe mejor que el autor de Alicia en el país de las maravillas. La Alicia de Carroll, tanto en el país de las maravillas como a través del espejo, le es casi imposible entablar una conversación con alguno de los personajes fantásticos que se presentan en las dos obras. Porque además de saber usar unas reglas gramaticales y un léxico, es necesario saber que, al usar la lengua, o como lo llama Austin acto locucionario, también hay que ser consciente de que el uso de la lengua es social, por lo que requiere de ciertas condiciones, ceremonias y reglas que a continuación expondremos. (shrink)

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos de los temas centrales de la Dialéctica negativa de Adorno. Especial atención se le dedica al concepto de mediación, sus relaciones con el concepto de no-identidad y a los de sujeto y objeto. Importante en Adorno es su intento de superar inmanentemente la dualidad férrea sujeto-objeto de la filosofía moderna, y el concepto de conciencia que le subyace, y por ello es difícil considerar a Adorno, como lo hace Habermas, a un filósofo preso (...) en las aporías de la filosofía de la conciencia. (shrink)

This article is mainly about two things: first, exploring the gatherings of studying in the university. And second, it is about describing new relations to understand studying practices beyond the normative interventions carried out inside learning environments and the clearly demarcated functions imposed to their practice. In a certain sense, common assumptions about study recognize its importance for achieving learning goals and its capacity to be designed according to pre-conceived intentions. However, in an attempt to reconsider our understanding about studying, (...) the basic arguments here is that studying practices are constituted by open-ended activities that are guided by present interests to things that matter. Based on Theodore Schatzki’s practice theory, activities of studying were observed through scenes, where students and study-materiality join together in the event of studying at the Agora Learning Centre of KU Leuven in Belgium. Adopting a particular sensibility and narrative to describe and attend to actions and material entities entangled on studying activities, the article attempts to take a look at these activities beyond their functionality. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to take a look at ‘what is going on’ in studying practices. (shrink)

Algunas de las preguntas fundamentales de la filosofía del arte son: 1) ¿Qué es una obra de arte?, 2) ¿Qué es Arte?, 3) ¿Qué es el arte? Responderlas es determinar el sentido del arte. Este tipo de preguntas están planteadas bajo la fórmula ¿Qué es X?, es decir, preguntas en las cuales en lo simple esta lo complejo, preguntas en donde lo simple no quiere decir que sean sencillas; son preguntas que traen dentro de si su naturaleza y carácter metafísico-ontológico-gnoseológico, (...) y hasta axiológico. No es el propósito de este trabajo hacer frente o resolver estos problemas, sino proporcionar una aproximación al concepto de “obra de arte” en la época actual y como podría entenderse en relación a ciertos problemas ontológicos y epistemológicos actuales. -/- [Extended Version of: Vélez León, Paulo (2006). «Aproximaciones a la ¿obra de arte?». En Políticas al borde. Una investigación sobre el arte contemporáneo cuencano en los discursos políticos actuales, editado por Paulo Vélez León y Hernán Pacucuru. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca/Bienal Internacional de Cuenca, 2006, pp. 1-12]. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende mostrar que el discurso de la justicia global, tal y como se ha presentado en la tradición de la teoría política liberal, se encuentra poco capacitado para ofrecer respuestas satisfactorias frente al problema de la desigualdad global. Esta tesis se sustenta en la sujeción de dicha tradición al marco socioeconómico capitalista como un presupuesto y en su optimismo frente al discurso de los derechos, que limita, más que fortalece, sus posibilidades de proporcionar soluciones estructurales. Para desarrollar este (...) trabajo se ha hecho uso del análisis de contenido de carácter cualitativo de textos; al ser una investigación de carácter teórico, se da prioridad a las fuentes documentales. (shrink)

Richard Holton has criticized the common idea that self-deception is deception by the self, and suggested it is rather deception about the self; self-deception must include necessarily erroneous beliefs about the self. In this article I claim that this condition is not necessary, based on two central traits of self-deception: its temporal character and its bound to multiplication. In addition, I suggest an alternative condition in relation to the beliefs system implied in self-deception.

This book studies geoethics in Latin America and offers comprehensive research on geoethics and geoeducation. Its respective chapters explore geoethics in relation to UNESCO geoparks, mining activities in Latin America, natural hazards and risk management. Geoethics is a key discipline in the field of Earth and Planetary Sciences, and not only includes scientific, technological, methodological and social-cultural aspects, but also addresses the need to consider appropriate protocols, scientific integrity issues and a code of good practice when studying the abiotic world. (...) The position of Latin America’s recently created geoethics associations is based on protection of the environment, together with a reassurance that the balance of nature and the rights of human beings to enjoy it will be preserved. (shrink)

El presente trabajo complemenJa las referencias a la lengua aut6ctona de los día­ guitas chilenos, en la encrucijada histórica de la conquista hispana en el siglo Xlll , cuya primera parte se publicó en WGOS N 2 l.En este número conJrastamos las hipó­ tesis de don Ricardo Latcham con la crftica de don Jorge /ribarren; se ofrece, aderruís, un suscinJo panorama de la situación lingüística en el noroeste argenJino, y las anota­ ciones espedficamenJe lingüísticas sobre el "cacán" de Antonio Tovar, (...) Cestmir Lou­ kotka y RodtJ/fo Schuller, y nuestras propias conclusiones. The following information about the chilean diaguitas'indigenous tongue for the historie period of the spanish conquest complemenJs the previous report published in thefirst issue of the magazine LOCOS. Ricardo Latcham's hypothesis and Jorge lribarren critica/ position are here confronJed in addition to a brief account of the linguistic situation in south-western ArgenJina. There is also a presenJation of sorne specif eally linguistic statemenJs about "cacán" by Antonio Tovar, Cestmir Loukotka and Rodolfo Schuller as well as our own conclusions. (shrink)

Economies of scale and equivalent consumption units, which are present in households, must be considered in the measurement of monetary poverty, in order to obtain indicators that approximate the reality of each household. Therefore, in this research, monetary poverty in Ecuador is measured and analyzed at the provincial level for the period 2009–2016. It works with data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment and the INEC methodology is used to measure poverty, but per-capita income is replaced by (...) equivalent income, generated by applying a one-parameter scale and two two-parameter scales. The main results show that monetary poverty rates are significantly lower when equivalent income is applied, that there is high poverty sensitivity depending on the equivalence scale used and that the provinces with the highest levels of poverty are located in the Amazon region. (shrink)

Nos daremos a la tarea de presentar una discusión que se encuentra en la obra del filósofo colombiano Julio Enrique Blanco, y en particular en dos de sus primeros escritos: “De la causalidad biológica I” (1917) y “Caminos de perfección” (1918). Para hacerlo debimos primero recurrir a uno de los textos centrales del inglés John Stuart Mill: Un sistema de lógica (1843). Lo que ha resultado de estas tres lecturas es la reconstrucción de una propuesta metodológica realizada por el colombiano, (...) propuesta que presentamos con complementos que son el resultado de las lecturas de éstas y otras obras suyas. Finalmente, intentaremos demostrar que ante la evaluación de los fundamentos cognoscitivos de nociones heredadas, una de las posibilidades que se presenta es inmovilizar aquellas que sean de carácter hipotético antes que hipertético. (shrink)

This paper analyzes the relationship between the meanings of the particular aesthetic judgments (I) pronounced by any person on artwork and the artwork itself. The purpose is to state the following hypothesis: it is false that a consumer is stupid and unable to recognize the quality work of art and meaning of, it is more, all the phrases enunciated in natural language is not a conjecture, but that recognize and reflect the quality of the work. A work of art like (...) any other human product, is likely to be measured and therefore valued, fact, despite the opinion of the artists. Preliminary results obtained lead us to that decision there are common patterns for each of the elements of the art world, which also requires the formulation of a much more simple and elegant. (shrink)

Con la promulgación de la Ley 30 de 1986, se incluyó el concepto del consumo de la dosis personal de drogas. La Corte Constitucional, mediante sentencia C-221 de 1994, resolvió la demanda de constitucionalidad presentada por el ciudadano Alexandre Sochandamandou, ratificando el concepto de “dosis personal de consumo de drogas”, y despenalizando el mismo. En este artículo se plantea el desconocimiento de la legislación y la jurisprudencia acerca de la opinión técnico-científica en cuanto a esta temática, que originó diversas inconveniencias, (...) inconsistencias, vacíos e imprecisiones técnico-científicas que riñen con normas y tratados internacionales de ética médica, al igual que con evidencia médica encontrada sobre los efectos adversos ocasionados por las drogas en la salud de los consumidores de estas sustancias. (shrink)

El artículo recorre el problema de las analogías y diferencias entre la prisión y la escuela, un tema agitado desde la década de 1980 en el seno del Movimiento Pedagógico Colombiano, a la luz de ciertas apropiaciones del libro Vigilar y castigar de Michel Foucault. En la segunda parte el texto recoge la tesis foucaultiana sobre el “fracaso de la prisión” y propone analizar este “fracaso” en el caso de la escuela moderna, a partir de análisis desarrollados en el marco (...) de los trabajos del Grupo de Historia de la Práctica Pedagógica en Colombia. (shrink)

O aparecimento do coronavírus fez ressurgir um antigo debate no âmbito da filosofia política: o debate entre liberdade e segurança. A maioria dos países atingidos precisou adotar medidas que restringiram a liberdade dos cidadãos para conter o avanço da doença. Esse artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar a posição do filósofo inglês, Thomas Hobbes exposta no _Leviatã_, para enfrentar esse problema. O texto está dividido em três partes. Em um primeiro momento, apresento a tese de Hobbes sobre a segurança e (...) contra a liberdade irrestrita para evitar o estado de natureza. Em um segundo momento, apresento a tese de Hobbes sobre a liberdade limitada no estado político. Por fim, apresento uma possível solução para conjugar liberdade e segurança a partir do conceito hobbesiano de razão pública. (shrink)

This article is a product of research about global public policies. In this is proposes an ethical basis of international cooperation as a GPP capable of providing public world goods of the international system. Through an analysis of the recent theoretical framework of IC it is concluded that such theories, even those that do not declare it explicitly, are based on Kantian cosmopolitan ethics. Even those theories that are based on the hobbesian premise of natural anarchy in state of war. (...) In this article also is suggests the urgency of an international governance system with a GPP focused in cooperation and capable to providing the world's supreme public good: The peace with human security. (shrink)

El documental ha sido tradicionalmente una práctica cinematográfica tremendamente compleja y problemática, en tanto basa su autoridad en presentar el “mundo histórico”, al tiempo que es claro que ha recurrido a diversas estrategias ficcionales. En este contexto, este artículo reflexiona acerca de estas estrategias y su uso en tres documentales contemporáneos: Los rubios, Vals con Bashir y La imagen perdida. La hipótesis de trabajo plantea que el reconocimiento de la fragmentación de la subjetividad y la fragilidad de la memoria hacen (...) necesaria la inclusión de diversas estrategias como el escamoteo de las expectativas de los espectadores, el uso de imágenes animadas y las múltiples disyunciones entre voz, imagen y autoría. (shrink)